DNS

Every time you type a website name into your browser, a quick lookup happens in the background. That lookup is handled by DNS, or Domain Name System.

Computers find each other with numeric IP addresses, not names. DNS works just like the contacts app on your phone: you tap a name, and it dials the number for you.

How does DNS work?

Here is what happens in a split second when someone visits your site:

1. First, the visitor types your domain into the browser.
2. Next, the browser asks a DNS resolver, usually run by the Internet provider, for the IP address.
3. Now, the resolver asks a chain of DNS servers until it reaches the nameservers that hold your domain's records.
4. Finally, the IP address comes back, and the browser connects to your hosting server.

The answer is then cached for a while, so the next lookup is even faster.

Common DNS records

• A record: points your domain to an IPv4 address.
• AAAA record: does the same for an IPv6 address.
• CNAME record: makes one name an alias of another, such as www pointing to the main domain.
• MX record: tells other servers where to deliver your email.
• TXT record: holds text, often used to verify ownership or protect email.
• NS record: names the nameservers in charge of your domain.

Why DNS changes take time

When you move your WordPress site to a new host, you update your nameservers or A record. Since resolvers cache old answers, the change can take anywhere from a few minutes to about 48 hours to reach everyone. This is called DNS propagation.

Each record has a TTL, or Time To Live, which decides how long others may cache it.

For a deeper look, read our detailed guide on DNS. You may also like our article on what a domain is.

So, that is how DNS quietly connects your domain to your website. Got doubts? Ask them in the comment section below.